Where is a dog - A dog with tracheal collapse will experience bouts of respiratory distress. These episodes can be violent and last a few minutes until they resolve themselves. Obesity and humid weather are other ...

 
Oct 28, 2021 · Dogs may initially show signs of anxiety and nervousness. Later stages cause dogs to become aggressive, uncoordinated, and disoriented, and they can attack random objects and develop tremors and seizures. If you see a dog (or wild animal) displaying these symptoms, call your local animal control or police department and stay away from the animal. . Mens bicycle under dollar100

Dogs may initially show signs of anxiety and nervousness. Later stages cause dogs to become aggressive, uncoordinated, and disoriented, and they can attack random objects and develop tremors and seizures. If you see a dog (or wild animal) displaying these symptoms, call your local animal control or police department and stay away from the animal.Dogs may initially show signs of anxiety and nervousness. Later stages cause dogs to become aggressive, uncoordinated, and disoriented, and they can attack random objects and develop tremors and seizures. If you see a dog (or wild animal) displaying these symptoms, call your local animal control or police department and stay away from the animal.Aug 23, 2023 · Lymphoma is a common cancer in people and dogs that affects the lymph nodes and lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is made up of organs, tissues, and vessels. It is responsible for fighting ... Mar 26, 2021 · 4. Beagle. The actual origin of the Beagle seems to be obscure with no reliable documentation on the earliest days of development. Their compact size, short, easy-to-care-for coat and intelligence ... Then, the dog will rise to the occasion (literally). 2. The Male Moves Into The Vulva. While on top, the dog needs to make readjustments until it has located, identified, and penetrated the vulva. If the dog is having sex for the first time, it may need help from the human or breeder in charge. 3. The Male Climaxes In The FemaleJul 27, 2016 · Breed Specific Liver Diseases in Dogs. Certain breeds of dogs are predisposed to specific liver conditions. Copper storage disease is a known problem in Bedlington terriers, Doberman pinschers, Skye terriers, and West Highland white terriers. In these dogs a metabolic defect causes copper to remain in the liver, leading to chronic hepatitis. Gestation length according to accurate hormone measurements: 56-58 days from the first day of diestrus. 64-66 days from the initial rise in progesterone. 58-72 days from the first time the bitch ...May 24, 2023 · False pregnancy in dogs is referred to as a pseudopregnancy. Dogs with canine pseudocyesis often experience physiological symptoms seen in pregnant dogs. However, a pseudopregnancy is not a real pregnancy. In other words, the female dog will not actually be carrying puppies. Nor does it indicate that the female has mated in order for this to occur. Dog - Senses, Smell, Hearing: Dogs have an acute sense of smell and hearing, a poor sense of taste and color vision, and a sensitivity to touch. Dog coats come in a variety of colors and with three basic hair types: short, medium, and long; most are shed seasonally. Sexually maturity occurs between 6-12 months; social maturity occurs at about two years. Brussels Griffon. One of the smallest dog breeds in the AKC, the Brussels Griffon can't handle as much roughhousing as some of the sturdier breeds on this list. But if your kids are gentle, they ...Sep 1, 2021 · Repeat until he indicates that the muzzle looks interesting in a good way. Hold the muzzle with one hand and a treat with the other hand, so he needs to put his nose inside the muzzle to get the ... Pigmented Sores. Darkly colored sores are a sign of melanoma, a cancer of the pigment-producing cells. Melanomas in dogs tend to affect the mouth and lips, and they can also be found on their nail beds, footpads and eyes. Specific signs will depend on where the tumor is located and may include a swollen paw, eye discharge or sores in the mouth.Turkey: Turkey is a protein source that supports muscle development and energy. Pumpkin: In addition to providing fiber to the diet, pumpkin also contains several vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Carrots: Carrots are an excellent source of beta carotene, fiber, Vitamin K1, potassium, and antioxidants.Thirty million dogs in the United States are registered as pets. Dogs eat both meat and vegetables, often mixed together and sold in stores as dog food. Dogs often have jobs, including police dogs, army dogs, assistance dogs, fire dogs, messenger dogs, hunting dogs, herding dogs, or rescue dogs.Aug 23, 2023 · Lymphoma is a common cancer in people and dogs that affects the lymph nodes and lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is made up of organs, tissues, and vessels. It is responsible for fighting ... May 24, 2023 · False pregnancy in dogs is referred to as a pseudopregnancy. Dogs with canine pseudocyesis often experience physiological symptoms seen in pregnant dogs. However, a pseudopregnancy is not a real pregnancy. In other words, the female dog will not actually be carrying puppies. Nor does it indicate that the female has mated in order for this to occur. Dog definition, a domesticated canid, Canis familiaris, bred in many varieties. See more.Small and medium puppy breeds grow up pretty quickly. In fact, those petite puppies finish growing at around half the age of their larger counterparts, according to Dr. Klein. “On average, small ...Breed Specific Liver Diseases in Dogs. Certain breeds of dogs are predisposed to specific liver conditions. Copper storage disease is a known problem in Bedlington terriers, Doberman pinschers, Skye terriers, and West Highland white terriers. In these dogs a metabolic defect causes copper to remain in the liver, leading to chronic hepatitis.2 days ago · Dog definition: A dog is a very common four-legged animal that is often kept by people as a pet or to... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Complete list of AKC recognized dog breeds. Includes personality, history, health, nutrition, grooming, pictures, videos and AKC breed standard.Symptoms will generally appear about 10-days-to-8-weeks after contact with a dog carrying scabies. Typically, the first signs of the infection will be on the margins of the ears, chest, elbows ...Nov 12, 2018 · Whereas giant breeds can take between 18 months and 2 years for their growth plates to fuse. Speaking of skeletons, a dog has 320 bones in their body (depending on the length of their tail) and around 700 muscles. Muscles attach to bones via tendons. Depending on the breed of dog, they will have different types of muscle fibers. Nov 17, 2022 · The age at which a dog is considered a senior will vary based on size and breed, and there are a variety of ways to calculate your dog’s age in human years. Veterinarians consider some dogs to ... This phase can last anywhere from a few days to four weeks. On average, it lasts seven to 10 days. Estrus is also known as “heat.”. This is the time when the female dog will allow mating to occur. This phase of the cycle lasts anywhere from three to 21 days, with an average length of nine days. Anestrus is defined as the timeframe when ...Small and medium puppy breeds grow up pretty quickly. In fact, those petite puppies finish growing at around half the age of their larger counterparts, according to Dr. Klein. “On average, small ...May 24, 2023 · False pregnancy in dogs is referred to as a pseudopregnancy. Dogs with canine pseudocyesis often experience physiological symptoms seen in pregnant dogs. However, a pseudopregnancy is not a real pregnancy. In other words, the female dog will not actually be carrying puppies. Nor does it indicate that the female has mated in order for this to occur. Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world. During the 19th century westward movement in the United States, mountainmen, Native Americans, the U.S. Army, as well as the Confederacy during the American Civil War frequently had to sustain themselves on dog meat; the first to be consumed ...Jun 12, 2023 · Brussels Griffon. One of the smallest dog breeds in the AKC, the Brussels Griffon can't handle as much roughhousing as some of the sturdier breeds on this list. But if your kids are gentle, they ... Dog, facts and photos A border collie stands on the bluff at Raven's Point, Tennessee. Photograph by Stephen Alvarez, NAT GEO IMAGE COLLECTION Animals Reference Domestic dog Common Name:...Dogs: Super-Savvy, Socially. Although every dog is unique, there is enough evidence to indicate that species-wide one of the really special things about dogs is how well they understand humans ...Cats and dogs are intelligent in different ways. (Image credit: Jessica Harms via Getty Images) Then, there's brain size. A commonly held notion is that brain size dictates relative intelligence ...The life span of a dog depends on its size or breed. In general, the larger the breed or size of the dog, the shorter the life span. For example, in a study of lifespans, only 13% of giant breed dogs lived to be over 10 years old. Conversely, 38% of small breed dogs live to be over 10 years of age. Dogs are considered senior in the last 25% of ...Signs of dying (early, end-stage, and beyond). Do dogs know when another dog dies? The 5 stages of grief. Processing death. Learning how to analyze your beloved pet's quality of life will help you through the difficult decisions. Pet loss is not easy to discuss, but being aware of the various stages of natural death will help you through the ...Dog. A dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. The history of dogs is an old tale indeed. You could say as long as there has been civilisation, there have been records of humans and dogs. Dogs were domesticated from wolves around 15,000 years ago. New evidence suggests that dogs were first domesticated in East Asia, possibly China. 2 days ago · Dog definition: A dog is a very common four-legged animal that is often kept by people as a pet or to... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples vaccine schedule for dogs. In most states, the first rabies vaccination is generally given to puppies at or before 16 weeks of age. The second rabies vaccination is given one year after the first vaccine. Then, your dog will be vaccinated every year or every three years depending on the state law and the vaccine used.Dog training is a kind of animal training, the application of behavior analysis which uses the environmental events of antecedents (trigger for a behavior) and consequences to modify the dog behavior, either for it to assist in specific activities or undertake particular tasks, or for it to participate effectively in contemporary domestic life.The age at which a dog is considered a senior will vary based on size and breed, and there are a variety of ways to calculate your dog’s age in human years. Veterinarians consider some dogs to ...As defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), service dogs are individually trained to perform specific tasks and to work with people with disabilities. According to the ADA ...Nov 20, 2019 · As a general guideline, though, the American Veterinary Medical Association breaks it down like this: 15 human years equals the first year of a medium-sized dog’s life. Year two for a dog equals ... Due to his or her much shorter life span, your dog and you age at two widely different rates. Just how different depends on your dog’s weight and stage of life. A 2-year-old Pekingese may age only 4 years in a single human year, whereas a Great Dane may age 9. To find out where your dog is on the spectrum, consult our easy-to-use calculator.4. Beagle. The actual origin of the Beagle seems to be obscure with no reliable documentation on the earliest days of development. Their compact size, short, easy-to-care-for coat and intelligence ...Nov 20, 2019 · As a general guideline, though, the American Veterinary Medical Association breaks it down like this: 15 human years equals the first year of a medium-sized dog’s life. Year two for a dog equals ... Sep 1, 2021 · Repeat until he indicates that the muzzle looks interesting in a good way. Hold the muzzle with one hand and a treat with the other hand, so he needs to put his nose inside the muzzle to get the ... Dog. A dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. The history of dogs is an old tale indeed. You could say as long as there has been civilisation, there have been records of humans and dogs. Dogs were domesticated from wolves around 15,000 years ago. New evidence suggests that dogs were first domesticated in East Asia, possibly China. Aug 12, 2019 · Pigmented Sores. Darkly colored sores are a sign of melanoma, a cancer of the pigment-producing cells. Melanomas in dogs tend to affect the mouth and lips, and they can also be found on their nail beds, footpads and eyes. Specific signs will depend on where the tumor is located and may include a swollen paw, eye discharge or sores in the mouth. The life span of a dog depends on its size or breed. In general, the larger the breed or size of the dog, the shorter the life span. For example, in a study of lifespans, only 13% of giant breed dogs lived to be over 10 years old. Conversely, 38% of small breed dogs live to be over 10 years of age. Dogs are considered senior in the last 25% of ... Canine terminology. Canine terminology in this article refers only to dog terminology, specialized terms describing the characteristics of various external parts of the domestic dog, as well as terms for structure, movement, and temperament. This terminology is not typically used for any of the wild species or subspecies of wild wolves, foxes ... dog definition: 1. a common animal with four legs, especially kept by people as a pet or to hunt or guard things…. Learn more. When travelling with your pet (s), there may be animal health requirements specific for that destination. As soon as you know your travel details, contact your local veterinarian to assist with the pet travel process. Factors to consider may include meeting time frames for obtaining a health certificate, updating vaccinations, diagnostic ...Sep 22, 2022 · According to the University of Edinburgh, the smallest canid is the Fennec fox. It is only 9.4 inches (24 centimeters) high and weighs only 2.2 lbs. (1 kilogram). The largest canid is the gray ... Dog. A dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. The history of dogs is an old tale indeed. You could say as long as there has been civilisation, there have been records of humans and dogs. Dogs were domesticated from wolves around 15,000 years ago. New evidence suggests that dogs were first domesticated in East Asia, possibly China.Acid Reflux in Dogs. Acral Lick Granulomas in Dogs. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in Dogs. Acute Vomiting in Dogs. Addison’s Disease in Dogs. Adenocarcinoma of the Sebaceous and Sweat Glands in Dogs. Adenovirus 1 in Dogs. Adrenal Gland Tumors in Dogs. Adverse Reaction in Dogs to Glow Stick Jewelry.Dogs may initially show signs of anxiety and nervousness. Later stages cause dogs to become aggressive, uncoordinated, and disoriented, and they can attack random objects and develop tremors and seizures. If you see a dog (or wild animal) displaying these symptoms, call your local animal control or police department and stay away from the animal.1. A dog’s sense of smell is way stronger than ours. Yeah, you can read that two ways, but think back to what your dog smells like when wet, and you’ll figure out the right meaning. When it ...How Long Does It Take for Dogs to Give Birth? There are three stages of dog labor. Contractions in the first stage can last up to 12 hours. Puppies are usually born 30–60 minutes apart, but the mother dog may take a break between puppies that can last up to two hours.The overarching theme is that we see startling similarities in how animals’ brains function. This means that all animals — whether dog or human — have many neural processes in common. So ...Extant breeds, varieties and types. Note: not all dogs listed below are recognized breeds by an official breed registry that can certify the dog is a purebred, including The Kennel Club (TKC - 1873), the oldest and first official dog breed registry in the world, located in the United Kingdom, and the three oldest breed registries in North America, and largest in the world, including the ...4. Beagle. The actual origin of the Beagle seems to be obscure with no reliable documentation on the earliest days of development. Their compact size, short, easy-to-care-for coat and intelligence ...As a general guideline, though, the American Veterinary Medical Association breaks it down like this: 15 human years equals the first year of a medium-sized dog’s life. Year two for a dog equals ...Now dogs pretend they like to fight; They often bark, more seldom bite; But yet a Dog is, on the whole, What you would call a simple soul. Of course I'm not including Pekes, And such fantastic canine freaks. The usual Dog about the Town Is much inclined to play the clown And far from showing too much pride Is frequently undignified. Apr 14, 2021 · Then, the dog will rise to the occasion (literally). 2. The Male Moves Into The Vulva. While on top, the dog needs to make readjustments until it has located, identified, and penetrated the vulva. If the dog is having sex for the first time, it may need help from the human or breeder in charge. 3. The Male Climaxes In The Female Mar 26, 2021 · 4. Beagle. The actual origin of the Beagle seems to be obscure with no reliable documentation on the earliest days of development. Their compact size, short, easy-to-care-for coat and intelligence ... 7. Dogs can smell up to 100,000 times better than humans. Dr. Nappier puts this tidbit into perspective with an awe-inspiring analogy. “A dog's sense of smell is its most powerful sense,” he says. “It is so sensitive that [dogs can] detect the equivalent of a 1/2 a teaspoon of sugar in an Olympic-sized swimming pool.”. 8.Now dogs pretend they like to fight; They often bark, more seldom bite; But yet a Dog is, on the whole, What you would call a simple soul. Of course I'm not including Pekes, And such fantastic canine freaks. The usual Dog about the Town Is much inclined to play the clown And far from showing too much pride Is frequently undignified.As a general guideline, though, the American Veterinary Medical Association breaks it down like this: 15 human years equals the first year of a medium-sized dog’s life. Year two for a dog equals ...Puppies, senior dogs, nursing mothers, and toy dog breeds may have an increased risk of dehydration. Sometimes dehydration in dogs is a symptom of an underlying cause, including kidney disease ...Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world. During the 19th century westward movement in the United States, mountainmen, Native Americans, the U.S. Army, as well as the Confederacy during the American Civil War frequently had to sustain themselves on dog meat; the first to be consumed ...Dog Walking (between $0 (you can walk your dog) up to $20 per walk, 1x per weekday) $0 to $5,200. Petsitters or Boarding. $100 to $300. Average Monthly Cost of Owning a Dog. $125 to $824. Yearly Total. $1,500 to $9,900.Jul 30, 2015 · Heat usually lasts between 2-4 weeks. Early in the cycle, a female dog may not be receptive to male dogs, although some are receptive through the entire cycle. It can be shorter or longer and you ... Jun 12, 2023 · Brussels Griffon. One of the smallest dog breeds in the AKC, the Brussels Griffon can't handle as much roughhousing as some of the sturdier breeds on this list. But if your kids are gentle, they ... Jul 30, 2015 · Heat usually lasts between 2-4 weeks. Early in the cycle, a female dog may not be receptive to male dogs, although some are receptive through the entire cycle. It can be shorter or longer and you ... You may notice some clinical signs, but the dog is able to live a normal life. However, in severe situations, tracheal collapse can cause respiratory distress and significant trouble breathing. If your dog is having any trouble breathing, this is a medical emergency, and your pet should be seen by a veterinarian immediately.7. Dogs can smell up to 100,000 times better than humans. Dr. Nappier puts this tidbit into perspective with an awe-inspiring analogy. “A dog's sense of smell is its most powerful sense,” he says. “It is so sensitive that [dogs can] detect the equivalent of a 1/2 a teaspoon of sugar in an Olympic-sized swimming pool.”. 8.A dog's tail is made up of bones covered by muscles, skin, nerves, and tendons, with cartilage providing joint support and flexibility. Dogs communicate through their tails, with different positions indicating different emotions and intentions. Dogs use their tails for balance, movement, stability, and as a rudder when swimming.4. Beagle. The actual origin of the Beagle seems to be obscure with no reliable documentation on the earliest days of development. Their compact size, short, easy-to-care-for coat and intelligence ...dog ( third-person singular simple present dogs, present participle dogging, simple past and past participle dogged ) ( transitive) To pursue with the intent to catch . Synonyms: chase, chase after, go after, pursue, tag, tail, track, trail. ( transitive) To follow in an annoying or harassing way.Dog, facts and photos A border collie stands on the bluff at Raven's Point, Tennessee. Photograph by Stephen Alvarez, NAT GEO IMAGE COLLECTION Animals Reference Domestic dog Common Name:... Dog breed. Montage showing the morphological variation of the dog. A dog breed is a particular type of dog that was purposefully bred by humans to perform specific tasks, such as herding, hunting, and guarding. Dogs are the most variable mammal on Earth, with artificial selection producing around 450 globally recognized breeds.Brussels Griffon. One of the smallest dog breeds in the AKC, the Brussels Griffon can't handle as much roughhousing as some of the sturdier breeds on this list. But if your kids are gentle, they ...Blend the bananas until creamy, and freeze them. This fruit-based dessert is safe for dogs to eat,and provides some nutritional value. Bananas are high in potassium, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and ...vaccine schedule for dogs. In most states, the first rabies vaccination is generally given to puppies at or before 16 weeks of age. The second rabies vaccination is given one year after the first vaccine. Then, your dog will be vaccinated every year or every three years depending on the state law and the vaccine used.Due to his or her much shorter life span, your dog and you age at two widely different rates. Just how different depends on your dog’s weight and stage of life. A 2-year-old Pekingese may age only 4 years in a single human year, whereas a Great Dane may age 9. To find out where your dog is on the spectrum, consult our easy-to-use calculator.Cats also tend to live longer than dogs, which is sometimes a consideration when searching for a lifelong furry companion. Pet Training: Cat vs. Dog. When it comes to cat vs. dog training, dogs are generally the easier of the two to train. A dog's pack mentality makes him ready to follow a leader and makes him generally more obedient by nature.Simply place the tip of the thermometer into the armpit area and hold your dog's arm down until the thermometer beeps (this usually takes longer than it does for the rectal). Then, add one degree to the thermometer's reading to get a general idea of your dog's body temperature.Petfinder reports that most animal hospitals charge more than 300 dollars for the surgery. A low-cost clinic may charge in the range of 45 to 135 dollars, but this varies by location. But the proliferation of low-cost spay and neuter clinics makes it worth researching the low-cost options available in a given area.The dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from extinct Pleistocene wolves, and the modern wolf is the dog's nearest living relative. Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world. During the 19th century westward movement in the United States, mountainmen, Native Americans, the U.S. Army, as well as the Confederacy during the American Civil War frequently had to sustain themselves on dog meat; the first to be consumed ... Liking to get in someones pants and wanting/having a 'bone'(r). Gets distracted easily from one person and chases after multiple people. They like to be at home(aka in the bed at home.)Small and medium puppy breeds grow up pretty quickly. In fact, those petite puppies finish growing at around half the age of their larger counterparts, according to Dr. Klein. “On average, small ...

Mar 26, 2021 · 4. Beagle. The actual origin of the Beagle seems to be obscure with no reliable documentation on the earliest days of development. Their compact size, short, easy-to-care-for coat and intelligence ... . Goaliath 54

where is a dog

A dog's typical heat period with bleeding will last two to four weeks. The complete heat cycle happens in about five to seven months. There are four phases to the heat cycle, each with its own symptoms and behaviors. Bleeding or bloody discharge occurs in two of the four phases. Though dogs know what to do during each other heat cycles, they ...Urinary tract infections are common in dogs, and are more frequent in older dogs ages 7 and up. Any dog breed can get a urinary tract infection, but breeds such as Shih Tzu, Bichon Frise, and ...The life span of a dog depends on its size or breed. In general, the larger the breed or size of the dog, the shorter the life span. For example, in a study of lifespans, only 13% of giant breed dogs lived to be over 10 years old. Conversely, 38% of small breed dogs live to be over 10 years of age. Dogs are considered senior in the last 25% of ... Nov 20, 2019 · As a general guideline, though, the American Veterinary Medical Association breaks it down like this: 15 human years equals the first year of a medium-sized dog’s life. Year two for a dog equals ... The Dog is a non-limited common pet in Adopt Me! that was added to the game on June 15, 2019, as a part of the pets update. When a player joins the game for the first time, they will receive a free Starter Egg, which will either hatch into a Dog or a Cat. Previously, the Dog was obtainable by hatching either a Pet Egg (5% chance to obtain), or a Cracked Egg (11.25% chance to obtain). However ... Airedale Terrier. The Airedale Terrier is a neat, upstanding, long-legged terrier, not exaggerated in any way. This breed has strong round bone and combines strength and agility. The Airedale has strong jaws and a free gait. The coat is hard, dense, and wiry; it lies straight and close, with some hair crinkling or waving.Feb 1, 2018 · Liking to get in someones pants and wanting/having a 'bone'(r). Gets distracted easily from one person and chases after multiple people. They like to be at home(aka in the bed at home.) You may notice some clinical signs, but the dog is able to live a normal life. However, in severe situations, tracheal collapse can cause respiratory distress and significant trouble breathing. If your dog is having any trouble breathing, this is a medical emergency, and your pet should be seen by a veterinarian immediately.May 24, 2023 · False pregnancy in dogs is referred to as a pseudopregnancy. Dogs with canine pseudocyesis often experience physiological symptoms seen in pregnant dogs. However, a pseudopregnancy is not a real pregnancy. In other words, the female dog will not actually be carrying puppies. Nor does it indicate that the female has mated in order for this to occur. Certain factors may increase the likelihood of a dog developing impacted, infected or abscessed anal glands: Chronic skin dermatitis. Obesity. Insufficient dietary fiber. Chronic soft stool. Food ...Puppies, senior dogs, nursing mothers, and toy dog breeds may have an increased risk of dehydration. Sometimes dehydration in dogs is a symptom of an underlying cause, including kidney disease ...Acid Reflux in Dogs. Acral Lick Granulomas in Dogs. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in Dogs. Acute Vomiting in Dogs. Addison’s Disease in Dogs. Adenocarcinoma of the Sebaceous and Sweat Glands in Dogs. Adenovirus 1 in Dogs. Adrenal Gland Tumors in Dogs. Adverse Reaction in Dogs to Glow Stick Jewelry.According to the University of Edinburgh, the smallest canid is the Fennec fox. It is only 9.4 inches (24 centimeters) high and weighs only 2.2 lbs. (1 kilogram). The largest canid is the gray ....

Popular Topics